DNA damage has been identified as a key process in ageing in human’s (and other vertebrates) .DNA damage repair is a process in which a cell both indentifies and seeks to correct damage to its genome. DNA damage is impacted by both internal and external events and processes.
Internally, normal metabolic processes can trigger DNA damage. This will include cellular stressors (reactive oxygen species) produced from metabolic events, mutation occurring spontaneously in the organism and cellular replication errors.
Externally, stressors can include, UV light, ionising radiation, toxins, and excessive thermal exposure to the organism in part of whole.
Research in this area aims to indentify the nodes of attack that might trigger cellular processes (senescence and apoptosis) leading to ageing and seek methods of reducing the impact of those internal and external stressors and enabling a more effective cellular repair response profile. The challenge is in identifying which nodes (DNA damage is just one process interlinked with many , which include chromatic aberration and epigenetic events ) are implicated in ageing and how best to intervene.