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GAD65 Antibody- Mouse Anti-GAD65
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) catalyzes the conversion of L glutamate to g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and a putative paracrine signal molecule in pancreatic islets. GAD has a restricted tissue distribution. It is highly expressed in the cytoplasm of GABAergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and pancreatic beta cells. It is also present in other non-neuronal tissues such as testis, oviduct and ovary. GAD is also transiently expressed in non-GABAergic cells of the embryonic and adult nervous system, suggesting its involvement in development and plasticity. GAD exists as two isoforms, GAD65 and GAD67 (molecular masses of 65 and 67 kD, respectively) that are encoded by two different genes. GAD65 is an ampiphilic, membraneanchored protein, (585 amino acid residues) and is encoded on human chromosome 10. GAD67 is a cytoplasmic protein (594 amino acid residues) and is encoded on chromosome 2. There is 64% amino acid identity between the two isoforms, with the highest diversity located at the N terminus, which in GAD65 is required for targeting the enzyme to GABA-containing secretory vesicles. The two isoforms appear to have distinct intraneuronal distribution in the brain. GAD65 has been identified as an autoantigen in insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and stiff-man syndrome (SMS), IDDM is an autoimmune disease that results from T cell mediated destruction of pancreatic insulin-secreting beta cells. Islet-reactive T cells and antibodies primarily to GAD65 (also named beta cell autoantigen) can be detected in peripheral blood of 80% of recent-onset IDD patients and in pre-diabetic high-risk subjects before onset of clinical symptoms. This suggests that GAD may be an important marker in the early stages of the disease. Also, autoantibodies to GAD65 and GAD67 are detected in animal models of IDDM, including the non-obese diabetes (NOD) mouse. In the NOD mouse, T cell reactivity is initially restricted to the C terminal regions of GAD65, but later spreads to other parts of GAD65. Stiff-man syndrome (SMS), a rare disorder of the CNS, is characterized by progressive rigidity of the body musculature with painful spasms, due to impairment of the GABAergic neurotransmission. High-titer autoantibodies directed against GAD 65 and GABAergic neurons (nerve terminals) have been detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 60% of patients with the syndrome. Strikingly, many of the SMS patients also developed late-onset IDDM.
£226.00
Gemin 3 Antibody- Mouse Anti-Gemin 3
The survival of motor neurons (SMN) gene is the disease gene of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) a common motor neuron degenerative disease The SMN protein is part of a complex containing several proteins of which one SIP1 (SMN interacting protein 1) has been characterized so far The SMN complex is found in both the cytoplasm and in the nucleus where it is concentrated in bodies called gems In the cytoplasm SMN and SIP1 interact with the Sm core proteins of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and they play a critical role in snRNP assembly In the nucleus SMN is required for pre-mRNA splicing likely by serving in the regeneration of snRNPs A DEAD box putative RNA helicase named Gemin 3 which is another component of the SMN complex has been identified Gemin 3 interacts directly with SMN as well as with SmB SmD2 and SmD3 Immunolocalization studies using mAbs to Gemin 3 show that it colocalizes with SMN in gems Gemin 3 binds SMN via its unique COOH-terminal domain and SMN mutations found in some SMA patients strongly reduce this interaction The presence of a DEAD box motif in Gemin 3 suggests that it may provide the catalytic activity that plays a critical role in the function of the SMN complex on RNPs
£226.00
Gemin1/SMN Antibody- Mouse Anti-SMN
This gene is part of a 500 kb inverted duplication on chromosome 5q13 This duplicated region contains at least four genes and repetitive elements which make it prone to rearrangements and deletions The repetitiveness and complexity of the sequence have also caused difficulty in determining the organization of this genomic region The telomeric and centromeric copies of this gene are nearly identical and encode the same protein However mutations in this gene the telomeric copy are associated with spinal muscular atrophy mutations in the centromeric copy do not lead to disease The centromeric copy may be a modifier of disease caused by mutation in the telomeric copy The critical sequence difference between the two genes is a single nucleotide in exon 7 which is thought to be an exon splice enhancer It is thought that gene conversion events may involve the two genes leading to varying copy numbers of each gene The protein encoded by this gene localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus Within the nucleus the protein localizes to subnuclear bodies called gems which are found near coiled bodies containing high concentrations of small ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) This protein forms heteromeric complexes with proteins such as SIP1 and GEMIN 4 and also interacts with several proteins known to be involved in the biogenesis of snRNPs such as hnRNP U protein and the small nucleolar RNA binding protein Two transcript variants are produced by this gene
£226.00
Gemin2 Antibody- Mouse Anti-Gemin2
Involved in biogenesis of spliceosomal snRNPs forms complex with Survival of Motor Neurons (SMN) protein interacts tightly with spliceosomal proteins and spliceosomal snRNAs U1 and U5
£226.00
Gemin2 Antibody- Mouse Anti-Gemin2
Involved in biogenesis of spliceosomal snRNPs forms complex with Survival of Motor Neurons (SMN) protein interacts tightly with spliceosomal proteins and spliceosomal snRNAs U1 and U5
£183.00
Gemin3 Antibody- Mouse Anti-Gemin3
The survival of motor neurons (SMN) gene is the disease gene of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) a common motor neuron degenerative disease The SMN protein is part of a complex containing several proteins of which one SIP1 (SMN interacting protein 1) has been characterized so far The SMN complex is found in both the cytoplasm and in the nucleus where it is concentrated in bodies called gems In the cytoplasm SMN and SIP1 interact with the Sm core proteins of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and they play a critical role in snRNP assembly In the nucleus SMN is required for pre-mRNA splicing likely by serving in the regeneration of snRNPs A DEAD box putative RNA helicase named Gemin 3 which is another component of the SMN complex has been identified Gemin 3 interacts directly with SMN as well as with SmB SmD2 and SmD3 Immunolocalization studies using mAbs to Gemin 3 show that it colocalizes with SMN in gems Gemin 3 binds SMN via its unique COOH-terminal domain and SMN mutations found in some SMA patients strongly reduce this interaction The presence of a DEAD box motif in Gemin 3 suggests that it may provide the catalytic activity that plays a critical role in the function of the SMN complex on RNPs
£183.00
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) antibody ; Mouse Anti-Glutathione S-transferase (GST)
GST (Glutathione S-Transferase) is a 26kDa protein encoded by the parasitic helminth Schistosoma japonicum and widely used in the pGEX family of GST plasmid expression vectors as a fusion protein with foreign proteins
£226.00
gp210 (C-terminal) Antibody- Rabbit Anti-gp210 (C-terminal)
The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nucleoporins are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells. GP210 is a membrane-spanning glycoprotein that is a major component of the nuclear pore complex, it is an evolutionarily conserved and has early roles in nuclear pore formation and mediates pore dilation with its tail-binding partners
£226.00
gp210 (N-terminal) Antibody- Rabbit Anti-gp210 (N-terminal)
The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm Nucleoporins are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells GP210 is a membrane-spanning glycoprotein that is a major component of the nuclear pore complex it is an evolutionarily conserved and has early roles in nuclear pore formation and mediates pore dilation with its tail-binding partners
£226.00
NOX2/gp91phox Antibody- Mouse Anti-gp91phox
NOX2/gp91phox is a critical component of the membrane-bound oxidase of phagocytes that generates superoxide. It is the terminal component of a respiratory chain that transfers single electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH across the plasma membrane to molecular oxygen on the exterior. It also functions as a voltage-gated proton channel that mediates the H(+) currents of resting phagocytes. It participates in the regulation of cellular pH and is blocked by zinc. Defects in CYBB are a cause of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD). X-CGD is characterized by the failure of activated phagocytes to generate superoxide. Patients suffer from life-threatening bacterial/fungal infections
£226.00
NOX2/gp91phox Antibody- Mouse Anti-gp91phox
NOX2/gp91phox is a critical component of the membrane-bound oxidase of phagocytes that generates superoxide. It is the terminal component of a respiratory chain that transfers single electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH across the plasma membrane to molecular oxygen on the exterior. It also functions as a voltage-gated proton channel that mediates the H(+) currents of resting phagocytes. It participates in the regulation of cellular pH and is blocked by zinc. Defects in CYBB are a cause of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD). X-CGD is characterized by the failure of activated phagocytes to generate superoxide. Patients suffer from life-threatening bacterial/fungal infections
£226.00
NOX2/gp91phox Antibody- Mouse Anti-gp91phox
NOX2/gp91phox is a critical component of the membrane-bound oxidase of phagocytes that generates superoxide. It is the terminal component of a respiratory chain that transfers single electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH across the plasma membrane to molecular oxygen on the exterior. It also functions as a voltage-gated proton channel that mediates the H(+) currents of resting phagocytes. It participates in the regulation of cellular pH and is blocked by zinc. Defects in CYBB are a cause of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD). X-CGD is characterized by the failure of activated phagocytes to generate superoxide. Patients suffer from life-threatening bacterial/fungal infections
£226.00
Podoplanin/gp36 Antibody- Hamster Anti-Podoplanin/gp36
May be involved in cell migration and/or actin cytoskeleton organization. When expressed in keratinocytes, induces changes in cell morphology with transfected cells showing an elongated shape, numerous membrane protrusions, major reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, increased motility and decreased cell adhesion. Required for normal lung cell proliferation and alveolus formation at birth. Induces platelet aggregation. Does not have any effect on folic acid or amino acid transport. Does not function as a water channel or as a regulator of aquaporin-type water channels
£226.00
