Toxins types can be very varied. From proteins, small molecules or peptides they are all biologically produced. For example the botulism toxin is a protein produced by the bacteria butulinum and is very toxic to humans one of the most powerful neurotoxins.
Toxins perform important roles in the animal kingdom in both predation and defence. For example spiders and snakes use specifically produced poisons for capturing prey, while bees and wasps use toxins for deterring predators.
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Clostridium botulinus - Rabbit Anti-Clostridium botulinus
Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins are zinc-dependent proteases that block the release of acetylcholine from peripheral cholinergic nerve endings by targeting specific membrane proteins including synaptosomal-associated proteins (SNAP), vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMP), and syntaxins. Neurotoxin A is characteristically associated with human botulism and known to target and hydrolyse the 197-Gln-|-Arg-198 bond of SNAP-25
£226.00
Legionella pneumophila Antibody- Mouse Anti-Legionella pneumophila
Legionella pneumophila is a flagellated gram negative bacterium found primarily in warm water environments Legionella pneumophila causes a type of pneumonia called Legionnaire disease and a milder condition called Pontiac fever Infection is acquired through inhalation of the microorganism in water mists (eg from air conditioning cooling towers whirlpool spas and showers mists) A number of risk factors for acquiring Legionnaire disease have been identified including age smoking chronic lung disease cancer and immunosuppression
£226.00
MRSA Antibody- Mouse Anti-MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is a type of bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics These antibiotics include methicillin and other more common antibiotics such as oxacillin penicillin and amoxicillin Staphylococcus infections including MRSA occur most frequently among persons in hospitals and healthcare facilities (such as nursing homes and dialysis centres) who have weakened immune systems
£226.00
Penicillin Antibody- Mouse Anti-Penicillin
Penicillin is a group of Beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible usually Gram-positive organisms -lactam antibiotics work by inhibiting the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in the bacterial cell wall which results in cytolysis
£226.00
Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype 16c Antibody- Mouse Anti- P.aeruginosa serotype 16c
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is Gram-negative aerobic rod-shaped bacteria with unipolar motility An opportunistic human pathogen P aeruginosa is also an opportunistic pathogen of plants P aeruginosa bacteria are clinically important because they are resistant to most antibiotics and they are capable of surviving in conditions that few other organisms can tolerate Pseudomonas is often encountered in hospital and clinical work because it is a major cause of hospital acquired (nosocomal) infections Its main targets are immunocompromised individuals burn victims and individuals on respirators or with indwelling catheters Additionally these pathogens colonize the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients P aeruginosa is often identified by its pearlescent appearance and grape-like odor in vitro Definitive clinical identification of P aeruginosa includes identifying the production of both pyocyanin and fluorescein as well as its ability to grow at 42C P aeruginosa is capable of growth in diesel and jet fuel where it is known as hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms (or HUM bugs) causing microbial corrosion It creates dark gellish mats sometimes improperly called algae
£226.00
Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype 5c Antibody- Mouse Anti- P. aeruginosa serotype 5c
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is Gram-negative aerobic rod-shaped bacteria with unipolar motility An opportunistic human pathogen P aeruginosa is also an opportunistic pathogen of plants P aeruginosa bacteria are clinically important because they are resistant to most antibiotics and they are capable of surviving in conditions that few other organisms can tolerate Pseudomonas is often encountered in hospital and clinical work because it is a major cause of hospital acquired (nosocomal) infections Its main targets are immunocompromised individuals burn victims and individuals on respirators or with indwelling catheters Additionally these pathogens colonize the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients P aeruginosa is often identified by its pearlescent appearance and grape-like odor in vitro Definitive clinical identification of P aeruginosa includes identifying the production of both pyocyanin and fluorescein as well as its ability to grow at 42C P aeruginosa is capable of growth in diesel and jet fuel where it is known as hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms (or HUM bugs) causing microbial corrosion It creates dark gellish mats sometimes improperly called algae
£226.00
Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype 6c Antibody- Mouse Anti- P.aeruginosa serotype 6c
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is Gram-negative aerobic rod-shaped bacteria with unipolar motility An opportunistic human pathogen P aeruginosa is also an opportunistic pathogen of plants P aeruginosa bacteria are clinically important because they are resistant to most antibiotics and they are capable of surviving in conditions that few other organisms can tolerate Pseudomonas is often encountered in hospital and clinical work because it is a major cause of hospital acquired (nosocomal) infections Its main targets are immunocompromised individuals burn victims and individuals on respirators or with indwelling catheters Additionally these pathogens colonize the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients P aeruginosa is often identified by its pearlescent appearance and grape-like odor in vitro Definitive clinical identification of P aeruginosa includes identifying the production of both pyocyanin and fluorescein as well as its ability to grow at 42C P aeruginosa is capable of growth in diesel and jet fuel where it is known as hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms (or HUM bugs) causing microbial corrosion It creates dark gellish mats sometimes improperly called algae
£226.00
Salmonella typhi Antibody- Mouse Anti- Salmonella typhi
The genus Salmonella is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae The genus is composed of Gram-negative bacilli that are facultative and flagellated (motile) Salmonellae possess 3 major antigens the H or flagellar antigen (phase 1 2) the O or somatic antigen (part of the LPS moiety) and the Vi or capsular antigen (referred to as K in other Enterobacteriaceae) Salmonella typhi is strictly a human pathogen and is the causative agent of Typhoid fever which is characterized by a sustained fever as high as 40C (104F) profuse sweating gastroenteritis and nonbloody diarrhea
£226.00
Serratia marcescens Antibody- Mouse Anti-Serratia marcescens
Serratia marcescens is a species of Gram negative bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae It is a broad host range pathogen and is also capable of opportunistic infections of humans Some strains of S marcescens are capable of producing a pigment called prodigiosin which ranges in color from dark red to pale pink S marcescens is a rod shaped motile organism and can grow in temperatures ranging from 5 - 40C Celsius and in pH levels ranging from 5 to 9 S marcescens is involved in hospital-acquired infections particularly in urinary tract and wound infections Serratia species cause 14 of nosocomial bloodstream infections with an associated mortality of 25 in USA Most S marcescens strains are resistant to several antibiotics because of the presence of R factors in plasmids
£226.00
Shigella boydii Antibody- Mouse Anti- Shigella boydii
Shigella boydii is a Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Shigella Like other member of the genus S boydii is a nonmotile non-sporeforming rod-shaped bacteria which can cause dysentery in humans through fecal-oral contamination S boydii is the most genetically-divergent of the Shigella genus
£226.00
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B Antibody- Mouse Anti-Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
Staphylococcal enterotoxins represent a group of proteins, which are secreted by Staphylococcus aureus and cause staphylococcal food poisoning syndrome. The illness is characterised by high fever, hypotension, diarrhea, shock, and in some cases death. Their molecular masses range between 27 and 30 kDa. At present, seven enterotoxins are known, namely A, B, C1, C2, C3, D and E. Their amino acid sequences have been determined and it was shown that all are single chain polypeptides containing one disulfide bond formed by two half cystines located in the middle of the polypeptide chain, which form the so called cysteine loop. SEB is an extremely potent activator of T cells, stimulating the production and secretion of various cytokines which mediate many of the toxic effects of SEB
£226.00
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B Antibody- Mouse Anti-Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
Staphylococcal enterotoxins represent a group of proteins, which are secreted by Staphylococcus aureus and cause staphylococcal food poisoning syndrome. The illness is characterised by high fever, hypotension, diarrhea, shock, and in some cases death. Their molecular masses range between 27 and 30 kDa. At present, seven enterotoxins are known, namely A, B, C1, C2, C3, D and E. Their amino acid sequences have been determined and it was shown that all are single chain polypeptides containing one disulfide bond formed by two half cystines located in the middle of the polypeptide chain, which form the so called cysteine loop. SEB is an extremely potent activator of T cells, stimulating the production and secretion of various cytokines which mediate many of the toxic effects of SEB
£226.00
