Neurons almost always consist of a cell body (a soma), dendrites and axons. Dendrites are filament like structures which can extend for considerable cell distances. Electrical signalling is facilitated by ion pumping which includes sodium, potassium and chloride.
Neurons exist in a number of different forms due to the varied nature Type 1 have long axons used to send signals over long distances and Type 2 which are shorter and more compact.