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Stem cells are key cells in the human organism and are able to divide and differentiate into a wide variety of other cell types and reproduce themselves to make more stem cells. There are mainly two types of stem cells - embryonic and adult.

In embryonic form the stem cell is essentially the building block of the entire organism able to form into the core germ layers in humans - the endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm which in combined form into the 200 types of cells required in adults.

In adult form the stems cells, found in core tissues e.g. bone marrow, are responsible for repairs and growth.